##################### \u003cdiv class="rich_media_content"\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" class="channels_iframe_wrp wxw_wechannel_card_not_horizontal" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e当地时间12月2日，拜登政府出台新的对华半导体出口管制措施。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e上上周，外媒就放风称拜登政府将推出新的管制措施，并且还提到，新措施将涉及200家中国芯片企业。到上周，外媒又称美国政府推翻了原先的方案，将制裁名单砍掉了一半。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e最终的方案，涉及136家中国实体和4家中国实体海外子公司，管制的范围也相对聚焦，主要针对用于先进人工智能的芯片，并且管制对象主要是这类芯片的制造设备企业。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e在同一时间，另一个趋势，同样值得我们注意：\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e今年1-10月，中国半导体出口达9311.7亿元，增长21.4%，平均每个月的出口是930亿元左右。从过去三年的数据来看，每年的第四季度还是中国半导体出口的旺季。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e按照这一趋势测算，到今年11月，中国芯片出口额将突破万亿。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e也就是说，过去五年美国的制裁，没有阻止中国芯片产业持续发展壮大。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e谭主了解到，\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgba(146, 185, 221, 0.2)"\u003e从2019年开始，美国政府几乎每年都会对打压中国半导体行业的政策“打补丁”。尽管这些政策看上去来势汹汹，但制裁的边际效应正在递减。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e这是为什么呢？ \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; clear: both; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; visibility: visible; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="image-box"\u003e\u003c!--IMG_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e谭主系统梳理了美国政府打压中国芯片行业的历程，其行动，要从美国对华为公司实施出口管制起算。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.578px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e2020年，美国多次出台政策，要求台积电等芯片制造商“断供”华为，并在这一年总共将100多家中国企业列入出口管制的实体清单，封锁10nm及以下的芯片和相关技术、设备等流入中国。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e谭主了解到，\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgba(146, 185, 221, 0.2)"\u003e当时，业界确实有不少人感到巨大的压力，因为中国企业没有经历过如此高烈度的制裁。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e也可以看到，美国一开始的制裁范围比较大，瞄准了芯片产业链上下游的很多环节。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e拜登政府上台后，将制裁的范围进一步扩大。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.578px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e2022年10月，美国商务部工业与安全局（BIS）首次在《出口管理条例》中引入针对中国先进芯片和相关制造设备的出口管制措施，系统性地管理先进计算芯片、装有先进计算芯片的计算机和相关设备、配套软件，以及特定的半导体制造设备几类产品出口。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c!--MID_AD_0--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--MID_ARTICLE_AD_0--\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_0--\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e这一次，美国以先进计算芯片和超级计算机为切入点，全面加强打压中国半导体行业的先进制程能力。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e这次政策出台后，美国政府对华芯片出口管制的格局基本形成——毕竟，能制裁的，都已经制裁了。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e在这之后，美国更新的政策基本都是在这一框架下\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(48, 107, 170)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e“打补丁”\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; visibility: visible; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e2023年10月，美国商务部工业与安全局发布新的文件，对2022年的规则进行修订，主要更新了针对\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_BEGIN_0--\u003e人工智能\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_END_0--\u003e芯片的出口管制规定，并且增补条例，进一步封锁\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_BEGIN_1--\u003e英伟达\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_END_1--\u003e等厂商此前绕开《出口管理条例》“特供中国”的产品。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 2; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px 16px 0px 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 10px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: right" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 84.3px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="image-box"\u003e\u003c!--IMG_1--\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.9); font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 12px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e曹韵\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003chr style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px 0px 4px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); transform-origin: 0px 0px"/\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.5); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 12px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.5)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e中国芯片企业\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e前\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e从业者\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: rgba(225, 165, 125, 0.2); border-left: 4px solid rgba(203, 97, 21, 0.5); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 8px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 100%" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box-special-style="width"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 16px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e梳理美国政府的这几轮制裁可以发现，美国的政策存在变化的过程。2020年，美国制裁的方向相对宽泛，没有明显的针对方向。但从去年开始，美国政府打压中国半导体行业的政策针对方向变得逐渐清晰——转向人工智能的方向。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c!--MID_AD_1--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_1--\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c!--MID_ARTICLE_AD_1--\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_1--\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; visibility: visible; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e之所以会有这样的转变，是因为之前的制裁方式受制于摩尔定律——今天最先进的芯片制程已经进入2nm甚至1nm以下的范围，当芯片的元件尺寸越来越接近物理极限，意味着芯片产业按照摩尔定律升级的终点已经划定，假以时日，中国迟早能追上。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e但在人工智能芯片的领域，这样的规则并不适用。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e对于这类芯片，其性能受芯片物理大小的影响不大，而是需要综合芯片架构、芯片制造、连接带宽、算法优化等多方面因素影响。对此，以英伟达为代表的美国企业依旧有大幅度的领先优势，并且在以快于原来摩尔定律的速度持续迭代。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e从这一个方面可以看出，美国一直在芯片最前沿的领域加码对华制裁，希望通过锁住前沿的发展空间，进而打压中国整个芯片产业。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e但值得注意的是，这样的思路能够奏效，基于一个前提：全球芯片市场要对这些最先进的芯片有需求。\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e根据美国半导体行业协会的统计数据，2023年，汽车市场对半导体的需求增长了15%，相比之下，手机等通讯设备市场降低了1.8%，个人电脑降低了7.1%。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e要知道，过去10年间，推动全球半导体行业增长的最大动力，就来自于手机和个人电脑市场。这些终端有便携的要求，也在客观上推动了全球半导体行业\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(48, 107, 170)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e“制程为王”\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e的发展逻辑。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e而现在，半导体市场规模增长的动力越来越多地向着汽车和工业领域倾斜。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; clear: both; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; visibility: visible; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="image-box"\u003e\u003c!--IMG_2--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp class="qqnews_image_desc" style="color: #666; font-size: 14px; text-align: center"\u003e｜｜最近两年北京、广州等地车展不少中国芯片企业也有了单独的展台\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e汽车芯片和工业级芯片对便携性的要求要小很多，在先进制程方面，它们目前关注的重点也在5nm到7nm, 相比之下，手机、个人电脑等行业目前已经关注到了2nm到3nm的工艺，难度要大得多。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e更重要的是，汽车芯片与工业级芯片最为看重的是稳定性，正因如此，当前，80%的汽车芯片需求在\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(48, 107, 170)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e成熟制程\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 2; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px 16px 0px 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 10px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: right" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 84.3px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="image-box"\u003e\u003c!--IMG_3--\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.9); font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 12px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e宿东君\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003chr style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px 0px 4px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); transform-origin: 0px 0px"/\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.5); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 12px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.5)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e中国电子企业协会常务副会长\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px -12px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 28.1px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: rgba(225, 165, 125, 0.2); border-left: 4px solid rgba(203, 97, 21, 0.5); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 8px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 100%" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box-special-style="width"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 16px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e集成电路行业的特点是，先进制程芯片利润率高，但产量和良品率低，稳定盈利的大头在成熟制程。而所有高技术行业都遵循的规律是，有稳定利润才能持续创新。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; visibility: visible; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e也就是说，在全球芯片行业格局转变的大背景下，顶尖技术虽然重要，但从企业实际出发，谁掌握住成熟制程芯片的技术和市场，谁就更能健康可持续发展。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e说到成熟制程，这正是中国所长。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e所以，现在的结果是，用“掐尖”的方式也许能在一定时间内掐住一点，但是无法系统性遏制中国芯片的线性发展。有成熟制程作为支撑，中国可以朝着“最后一公里”不断努力。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e特别值得一提的是，中国在成熟制程上的能力提升，也和美国的制裁有很大关系。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 2; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px 16px 0px 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 10px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: right" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 84.3px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="image-box"\u003e\u003c!--IMG_4--\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.9); font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 12px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e陈经\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003chr style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px 0px 4px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); transform-origin: 0px 0px"/\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.5); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 12px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.5)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e科技与战略风云学会副会长\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px -12px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 28.1px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: rgba(225, 165, 125, 0.2); border-left: 4px solid rgba(203, 97, 21, 0.5); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 8px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 100%" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box-special-style="width"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 16px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e过去五年，美国的制裁也让中国完成了芯片产业链的摸底。中国最大的进展是，把芯片全产业链的架子搭起来了。芯片设备、制造、设计、封装、测试各个环节，中国企业普遍距离世界最先进仍有差距，但都有一定水平了。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; visibility: visible; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e这些变化，积累到今天，有了成绩：最开始，我们提到，今年中国芯片出口额将突破万亿。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e与此同时，因为中国逐渐完善了芯片全产业链建设，这也使得中国应对人工智能芯片方面的管制时，积累的经验更加丰富了。中国再自己独立发展人工智能芯片，也有了更好的产业链基础。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 2; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px 16px 0px 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: flex; flex-flow: row; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 10px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: right" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 84.3px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="image-box"\u003e\u003c!--IMG_5--\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.9); font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 12px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e陈经\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003chr style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px 0px 4px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); transform-origin: 0px 0px"/\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.5); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 12px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(80, 80, 80, 0.5)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e科技与战略风云学会副会长\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px -12px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 28.1px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: rgba(225, 165, 125, 0.2); border-left: 4px solid rgba(203, 97, 21, 0.5); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 8px 15px; vertical-align: top; width: 100%" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box-special-style="width"\u003e\u003csection style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 16px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: transparent"\u003e从产业链的角度来说，人工智能芯片的发展逻辑和过去的CPU芯片是一样的，我们在芯片架构、芯片制造、连接带宽、算法优化都可以进步。对于人工智能芯片来说，目前产业链的主要困难在先进封装上，从技术层面来说，它的难度不如光刻机。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c!--MID_AD_2--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_2--\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c!--MID_ARTICLE_AD_2--\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_2--\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; visibility: visible; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: transparent"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e正是面对这样的新形势，最近半年来，美国的心态也在出现微妙的变化。以美国智库为代表的美国战略界关注到了一种现象是，“中国芯片企业在打压中成长，美国企业反而失去竞争力”。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e最近，很多美国头部的芯片企业都表达了加强与中国合作的愿望：\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003chr style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; transform: scale(1, 0.5); transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px"/\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e英伟达直接回应了这次的管制措施，表示仍计划保持在中国的业务。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e英特尔面对美国越来越严格的管制措施，表示将继续寻求将英特尔的所有产品出口到中国。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003csection style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="wrap"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170)"\u003e｜\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e苹果公司CEO在中国出席链博会时表示，苹果公司与中国的关系只会越来越好。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003chr style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; transform: scale(1, 0.5); transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px"/\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e这些表态有一个共同的特点：与美国政府“作对”的态度前所未有地强烈。这也是因为这些芯片企业在面对新的全球芯片市场形势时，已经在慢慢摈弃过去\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.5px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgb(48, 107, 170)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e“制程为王”\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e的发展逻辑。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e就拿英特尔来说。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e自从美国政府开始聚焦芯片产业，英特尔就走在了风口浪尖上。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e最初，英特尔试图在中美之间保持“柔软”的身段。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e随着美国政府制裁手段加码，英特尔的“独木桥”走起来越来越难。现在，英特尔正在遭遇严重危机。光是今年第三季度，英特尔就亏损了166亿美元，这是英特尔56年来最大的季度亏损，与此同时，英特尔的芯片制造业务正在面临拆分。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e根据相关披露，出于这些原因，英特尔CEO已经于前两天宣布辞职。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; clear: both; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; visibility: visible; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="image-box"\u003e\u003c!--IMG_6--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp class="qqnews_image_desc" style="color: #666; font-size: 14px; text-align: center"\u003e｜｜今年早些时候，英特尔CEO基辛格（中）曾说，如果美出口管制太严，中国必须生产自己的芯片\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e英特尔就是受全球芯片市场影响的例子。英特尔的优势，主要就建立在制程上。随着全球芯片市场的兴趣发生变化，英特尔在人工智能芯片方面与大多数芯片公司站在了同一条起跑线上，与此同时，因为美国政府的持续打压，中国逐渐在成熟制程培育起自己独立的生产线——最近10年间，中国半导体的自给率上升近10个百分点，这也意味着，英特尔失去了这部分原本可以弥补其部分损失的重要市场。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c!--MID_AD_3--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_3--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--MID_ARTICLE_AD_3--\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_3--\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e在美国，像英特尔一样的企业不在少数。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e除了这些制造商，美国在产业链上占据关键位置、专攻一个环节的芯片企业，反对美国继续加码管制的态度也在变得越来越坚决。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e这些产业链上的变化，更进一步说明了，美国拆分产业链，从各个环节自上而下封锁中国的策略正在失效。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e在最新的这次制裁中，专攻芯片产业链上芯片制造设备的企业，就站了出来。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e根据相关披露，三家美国芯片制造设备企业：泛林集团(Lam Research Corp)、科磊公司（KLA Corp）和应用材料公司（Applied Materials），在过去的几个月中多次尝试阻止美国政府出台这次制裁。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e今年下半年，这三家公司的股价都经历了暴跌，跌幅在25%到35%左右。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e中国是这三家企业的最大市场，占这些公司收入超过40%。但丢失中国市场，对于这些公司来说，损失的利益将不止40%。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e美国对华出口管制的主管部门，美国商务部工业与安全局内部已经有人意识到了这个问题。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e此前，美国商务部工业与安全局负责出口管理的助理部长西娅·肯德勒曾给出了一个判断是，美国真正垄断了某项技术的情况少之又少，并且随着技术的发展，美国不可能永远处于领先地位，单边出口管制不能实现美国的“国家安全”目标。相反，单边出口管制最有可能给美国带来的是不公平的竞争环境。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c!--MID_AD_4--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_4--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--MID_ARTICLE_AD_4--\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_4--\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; clear: both; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; margin: 0px 16px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; visibility: visible; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px" data-exeditor-arbitrary-box="image-box"\u003e\u003c!--IMG_7--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e“不公平的竞争环境”，指的就是美国公司退出的市场，更可能的结果是被其它国家的公司快速填补，而不是这些市场仅仅因为美国的退出就萎缩甚至消失。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e现实也是如此。过去一年，其它国家的芯片制造设备公司在中国的营收是增加的，而不是减少。\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003cspan style="letter-spacing: 0.544px"\u003e\u003cspan style="font-size: 17px"\u003e\u003cspan style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"\u003e\u003cspan style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"\u003e用五年的制裁，美国证明，全球贸易的趋势可能会受到管制措施暂时的影响，却很难从根本上改变方向。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; 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